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Standard Hindi
मानक हिन्दी Mānak Hindī
The word "Hindi" in Devanagari script
Spoken in	India Significant communities in Mauritius, South Africa, United States, Canada, Nepal
Native speakers	Standard Hindi: 180 million[1]  (1991) Total: 490 million, including Urdu)[2]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Central zone Western Hindi Khariboli Hindustani Standard Hindi
Writing system	Devanagari
Official status
Official language in	India
Regulated by	Central Hindi Directorate (India)[3]
Language codes
ISO 639-1	hi
ISO 639-2	hin
ISO 639-3	hin
Linguist List	hin-hin
Linguasphere	59-AAF-qf
This page contains Indic text. Without rendering support you may see irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. More...

Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी; meaning "Standard Hindi"), High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardised and sanskritised register of the Hindi-Urdu language based on the Khariboli dialect of Delhi and Western Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the official languages of the Republic of India.

Colloquial Standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with another register of Hindustani language called Urdu. Mutual intelligibility decreases in literary and specialized contexts which rely on educated vocabulary. Due to religious nationalism and communal tensions, speakers of both Hindi and Urdu frequently assert that they are distinct languages, despite the fact that native speakers generally cannot tell the colloquial languages apart. The combined population of Hindi-Urdu speakers is the fourth largest in the world.^[4] However, the number of native speakers of Standard Hindi is unclear. According to the 2001 Indian census,^[5] 258 million people in India reported their native language to be "Hindi". However, this includes large numbers of speakers of Hindi dialects besides Standard Hindi; as of 2009, the best figure Ethnologue could find for Khariboli dialect was a 1991 citation of 180 million.^[1]

Official status[link]

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The Constitution of India, adopted in 1950, declares Hindi in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Federal Government of India.^[6] It should be noted that English continues to be used as an Official language of India along with Hindi. Hindi is also enumerated as one of the twenty-two languages of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India, which entitles it to representation on the Official Language Commission.^[7] The Constitution of India has stipulated the usage of Hindi and English to be the two languages of communication for the Central Government. Most of government documentation is prepared in three languages: English, Hindi, and the official state language.

It was envisioned that Hindi would become the sole working language of the central government by 1965 (per directives in Article 344 (2) and Article 351),^[8] with state governments being free to function in languages of their own choice. However, widespread resistance movements to the imposition of Hindi on non-native speakers, of especially the people living in south India (such as the Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu) led to the passage of the Official Languages Act (1963), which provided for the continued use of English, indefinitely, for all official purposes. Therefore, English is still used in official documents, in courts, etc. However, the constitutional directive to the central government to champion the spread of Hindi was retained and has strongly influenced the policies of the Union government.

At the state level, Hindi is the official language of the following states in India: Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi. Each of these states may also designate a "co-official language"; in Uttar Pradesh for instance, depending on the political formation in power, sometimes this language is Urdu. Similarly, Hindi is accorded the status of co-official language in several states.

History[link]

Eastern and Western Hindi (red). Hindi-Urdu is one of the Western Hindi languages.

The dialect upon which Standard Hindi is based is khariboli, the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding western Uttar Pradesh and southern Uttarakhand region. This dialect acquired linguistic prestige in the Mughal Empire (17th century) and became known as Urdu, "the language of the court." As noted and referenced in History of Hindustani, prior to the 17th century, it was not referred to not as Urdu but Hindustani. After independence, the Government of India set about standardising Hindi as a separate language from Urdu, instituting the following conventions:^{[original research?]}

• standardization of grammar: In 1954, the Government of India set up a committee to prepare a grammar of Hindi; The committee's report was released in 1958 as "A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi"
• standardization of the orthography, using the Devanagari script, by the Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education and Culture to bring about uniformity in writing, to improve the shape of some Devanagari characters, and introducing diacritics to express sounds from other languages.

Sanskrit vocabulary[link]

Formal Standard Hindi draws much of its academic vocabulary from Sanskrit, and has looked to Sanskrit for borrowing from at least the 15th century BC. Standard Hindi loans words are classified into five principal categories:

• Tatsam (तत्सम / same as that) words: These are words which are spelled the same in Hindi as in Sanskrit (except for the absence of final case inflections).^[9] They include words inherited from Sanskrit via Prakrit which have survived without modification (e.g. Hindustani nām/Sanskrit nāma, "name"; Hindustani Suraj/Sanskrit Surya, "sun"),^[10] as well as forms borrowed directly from Sanskrit in more modern times (e.g. prārthanā, "prayer").^[11] Pronunciation, however, conforms to Hindi norms and may differ from that of classical Sanskrit. Among nouns, the tatsam word could be the Sanskrit uninflected word-stem, or it could be the nominative singular form in the Sanskrit nominal declension.
• Ardhatatsam (अर्धतत्सम) words: These are words that were borrowed from Sanskrit in the middle Indo-Aryan or early New Indo-Aryan stages.^{[citation needed]} Such words typically have undergone sound changes subsequent to being borrowed.
• Tadbhav (तद्भव / born of that) words: These are words which are spelled differently from Sanskrit but are derivable from a Sanskrit prototype by phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit karma, "deed" becomes Pali kamma, and eventually Hindi kām, "work").^[9]
• Deshaj (देशज) words: These are words that were not borrowings but do not derive from attested Indo-Aryan words either. Belonging to this category are onomatopoetic words.
• Videshī (विदेशी) words: these include all words borrowed from sources other than Indo-Aryan. The most frequent sources of borrowing in this category have been Persian, Arabic, Portuguese and English.

The Hindi standard, from which much of the Persian, Arabic and English vocabulary has been purged and replaced by tatsam words, is called Shuddha Hindi (pure Hindi). Proponents of Hindutva ("Hindu-ness") ideology are vociferous supporters of Shuddha Hindi. Although, It contains loan words from Persian and Arabic vocabulary.

Similarly, Urdu treats its own vocabulary, borrowed directly from Persian and Arabic, as a separate category for morphological purposes. Excessive use of tatsam words creates problems for native speakers. They may have Sanskrit consonant clusters which do not exist in native Hindi. The educated middle class of India may be able to pronounce such words, but others have difficulty. Persian and Arabic vocabulary given 'authentic' pronunciations cause similar difficulty.

Literature[link]

Hindi literature is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti (devotional – Kabir, Raskhan); Shringar (beauty – Keshav, Bihari); Veer-Gatha (extolling brave warriors); and Adhunik (modern).

Medieval Hindi literature is marked by the influence of Bhakti movement and the composition of long, epic poems. It was not written in the current dialect but in other Hindi languages, particularly in Avadhi and Braj Bhasha, but later also in Khariboli. During the British Raj, Hindustani became the prestige dialect. Hindustani with heavily Sanskritized vocabulary or Sahityik Hindi (Literary Hindi) was popularized by the writings of Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Bhartendu Harishchandra and others. The rising numbers of newspapers and magazines made Hindustani popular among the educated people. Chandrakanta, written by Devaki Nandan Khatri, is considered the first authentic work of prose in modern Hindi. The person who brought realism in the Hindi prose literature was Munshi Premchand, who is considered as the most revered figure in the world of Hindi fiction and progressive movement.

The Dwivedi Yug ("Age of Dwivedi") in Hindi literature lasted from 1900 to 1918. It is named after Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, who played a major role in establishing the Modern Hindi language in poetry and broadening the acceptable subjects of Hindi poetry from the traditional ones of religion and romantic love.

In the 20th century, Hindi literature saw a romantic upsurge. This is known as Chhayavaad (shadowism) and the literary figures belonging to this school are known as Chhayavaadi. Jaishankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Mahadevi Varma and Sumitranandan Pant, are the four major Chhayavaadi poets.

Uttar Adhunik is the post-modernist period of Hindi literature, marked by a questioning of early trends that copied the West as well as the excessive ornamentation of the Chhayavaadi movement, and by a return to simple language and natural themes.

Sample text[link]

The following kanjars is a sample text in High Hindi, of the Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations):

अनुच्छेद 1 — सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है। उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिये।

Transliteration (IAST):

Anucched 1 — Sabhī manuṣyoṃ ko gaurav aur adhikāroṃ ke māmle meṃ janmajāt svatantratā aur Ṣamāntā prāpt hai. Unheṃ buddhi aur antarātmā kī den prāpt hai aur paraspar unheṃ bhāīcāre ke bhāv se bartāv karnā cāhiye.

Transcription (IPA):

ənʊtʃʰːeːd̪ eːk — səbʱiː mənʊʃjõː koː ɡɔːɾəʋ ɔːr əd̪ʱɪkaːɾõ keː maːmleː mẽː dʒənmədʒaːt̪ sʋət̪ənt̪ɾət̪aː pɾaːpt̪ hɛː. ʊnʱẽ bʊd̪ʱːɪ ɔːɾ ənt̪əɾaːt̪maː kiː d̪eːn pɾaːpt̪ hɛː ɔːɾ pəɾəspəɾ ʊnʱẽː bʱaːiːtʃaːɾeː keː bʱaːʋ seː bəɾt̪aːʋ kəɾnə tʃaːhɪeː.

Gloss (word-to-word):

Article 1 — All human-beings to dignity and rights' matter in from-birth freedom and equality acquired is. Them to reason and conscience's endowment acquired is and always them to brotherhood's spirit with behaviour to do should.

Translation (grammatical):

Article 1 — All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Sanskritization[link]

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Under the Indian government's encouragement, the officially sponsored version of the Khari-boli dialect^{[citation needed]} has undergone a sea-change after it was declared the language of central government functioning in 1950. A major change has been the Sanskritization of Hindi (introduction of Sanskrit vocabulary in Khariboli). Three factors motivated this conscious bid to sanskritize Hindi, being:

• The independence movement inculcated a nationalistic pride in India's ancient culture, including its ancient classical language Sanskrit;
• Independence was accompanied by partition along religious lines, with Muslim-majority areas seceding to form Pakistan, and a partial rejection of Persian and Arabic influence in the Hindu-majority areas; Saadat Hasan Manto, the Pakistani Urdu writer opposed to Hindi-Urdu divide.^[12]
• The people of south and east India were averse to the dominance of the language and culture of north India in the affairs of the country. The Hindu populations of these regions did not identify with Hindi itself or with the Mughal (Persian, Turkic) cultural influences that had shaped Hindi, but they were more receptive to Sanskrit. Sanskritization was thus viewed as a means to make Hindi more palatable in practice.

In its non-Sanskritized form, the Khariboli-based dialect is the normal and principal dialect^{[citation needed]} used in the Hindi cinema. It is almost exclusively used in contemporary Hindi television serials, songs, education, and of course, in normal daily speech in almost all the urban regions of north India, wherever Hindi is also the state language^{[citation needed]}. The rural dialect varies from region to region.

See also[link]

	India portal
	Languages portal

• Hindi-Urdu (covers phonology, grammar, and orthography)
• Hindi literature
• History of Hindustani
• Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
• Hinglish
• Languages of India and Languages with official status in India
• List of languages by number of native speakers in India
• The list of Hindi words and list of words of Hindi origin at Wiktionary, the free dictionary

References[link]

Notes[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Bhatia, Tej K. Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course for Beginners. London, UK & New York, NY: Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0-415-11087-4 (Book), 0415110882 (Cassettes), 0415110890 (Book & Cassette Course)
• Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.) (2005), "Hindi", Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.), Dallas: SIL International, http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hin .
• Grierson, G. A. Linguistic Survey of India Vol I-XI, Calcutta, 1928, ISBN 81-85395-27-6
• McGregor, R. S. (1977), Outline of Hindi Grammar, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford-Delhi, ISBN 0-19-870008-3 (3rd ed.)
• Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages .
• Ohala, Manjari (1999), "Hindi", in International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: a Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 100–103, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0, http://books.google.com/books?id=33BSkFV_8PEC&pg=PA100&vq=%22manjari+ohala%22&dq=%22handbook+of+the+international+phonetic+association%22 .
• Shapiro, Michael C. (2001), "Hindi", in Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl, An encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present, New England Publishing Associates, pp. 305–309 .
• Shapiro, Michael C. (2003), "Hindi", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, pp. 250–285, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA250&dq=indo-aryan .
• Snell, Rupert; Weightman, Simon (1989), Teach Yourself Hindi (2003 ed.), McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-142012-9 .
• Taj, Afroz (2002) A door into Hindi. Retrieved November 8, 2005.
• Tiwari, Bholanath ([1966] 2004) हिन्दी भाषा (Hindī Bhasha), Kitab Pustika, Allahabad, ISBN 81-225-0017-X.

Dictionaries[link]

• John Thompson Platts (1884). A dictionary of Urdū, classical Hindī, and English (reprint ed.). LONDON: H. Milford. pp. 1259. http://books.google.com/books?id=iDtbAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-06. Oxford University
• McGregor, R.S. (1993), Oxford Hindi–English Dictionary (2004 ed.), Oxford University Press, USA .

Further reading[link]

• Bhatia, Tej K A History of the Hindi Grammatical Tradition. Leiden, Netherlands & New York, NY : E.J. Brill, 1987. ISBN 90-04-07924-6

External links[link]

Standard Hindi edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• Hindi at the Open Directory Project
• The Union: Official Language
• Official Unicode Chart for Devanagari (PDF)
• USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI) Hindi basic course

v t e Official languages of India Union-level Hindi English State-level Assamese Bengali Bodo Chhattisgarhi Dogri English Garo Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Khasi Kokborok Konkani Maithili Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Mizo Nepali Oriya Punjabi Rajasthani Sanskrit Santali Sindhi Telugu Tamil Urdu

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Sushmita Sen
Born	(1975-11-19) 19 November 1975 (age 36) Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India[1]
Occupation	actor, model
Years active	1993–present
Height	5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)[2]
Children	Renee Sen Alisha Sen

Sushmita Sen (born 19 November, 1975) is an Indian actress who appears in mainly Bollywood films. A former model, Sen was crowned Miss Universe in 1994.^[3] She created history by being the first Indian woman to win the contest.

She started her career with Dastak, a movie rumored to have been made on her life. However, she attained commercial and critical recognition for her roles in Sirf Tum (1999) and the comedy Biwi No.1 (1999). The latter earned her the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award.

She has acted in commercially successful films such as Aankhen (2002), Main Hoon Na (2004) - her biggest commercial success so far and Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya? (2005). She received high critical acclaim for her female-oriented roles in films such as Filhaal... (2002), Samay: When Time Strikes (2003), Chingaari (2005) and Zindaggi Rocks (2006).

In 2010, she ventured into partnership with Tantra Entertainment Private limited becoming the President of the 'I Am She' Miss Universe Contest and the sole representative of the Miss Universe pageant in India.

Personal life[link]

Sen was born in the Bengali Sen family on 19 November, 1975.^[4] in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Her family consists of her dad, Shubeer, a former Indian Air Force Wing Commander; mom, Subhra, Jewelry Designer and owner of a Dubai-based store. She has two siblings, a sister named Neelam, who is married to Nauman Malik, and a brother named Rajeev.^[5]

Often known as the most stylish and glamorous lady of India^[6][7], Sushmita Sen made history by adopting a baby girl named Renée.^[1][8] in 2000. She, as a single woman of only 25 years of age, was not viewed as socially acceptable to obtain the guardianship of the baby. However, the High Court of India quashed the appeal and she obtained gain of cause. On 13 Jan, 2010 she adopted a three-month-old girl and named her Alisha.^[1]

On April 9, 2012 it was reported that her ex boyfriend Mudassar Aziz, is all set to marry Farahjaan Sheikh^[9]. Sushmita was linked to Mudassar in 2008 when she was shooting for his film Dulha Mil Gaya, which also featured Fardeen Khan and Shah Rukh Khan. Sushmita sen has also been linked to another Bollywood personality Randeep Hooda^[10]. They had a ugly break-up in 2009 which impacted the running of film Karma Aur Holi.^[11].

Career[link]

Miss Universe[link]

In 1994, as a teenager, Sen won the title of Femina Miss India beating Aishwarya Rai, who was the runner up.^[12] Sen represented India at the 1994 Miss Universe Pageant, held in Manila, Philippines and won there.^[3]

At Miss Universe, Sen ranked third overall in the preliminaries, right behind preliminary winner Miss Colombia Carolina Gómez, and Miss Greece Rea Totounzi, who ranked second but won the preliminary swimsuit and evening gown competitions. Sen went on to place second, fifth and third in the swimsuit, interview, and evening gown semi-final competitions respectively, placing third place behind Miss Colombia Carolina Gomez and Miss Venezuela Minorka Mercado. All three women went on to be the final three contestants. In the end, the judges placed their votes on Sen, making her the first woman from India to become Miss Universe. She owns the rights to send delegates from India to the Miss Universe pageant from 2010 onwards through her project I Am She – Miss Universe India.^[13]

Film career[link]

1990s[link]

Sushmita at the judging of Pantaloons Femina Miss India contest 2009.

After her reign as Miss Universe, Sushmita became an actress. Her first film, Dastak was in 1996, in which she played the victim of a stalker played by Sharad Kapoor. Mukul Dev starred as the lead actor. She then starred in the 1997 Tamil blockbuster, Ratchagan. Two years later her appearance as Rupali in David Dhawan's movie Biwi No.1 won her the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award in 1999. Biwi No.1 was the second highest grossing movie of 1999.^[14] The same year, she was also nominated for her role in Sirf Tum in the same category, making her an obvious choice for winner. Following her famous item song in Fiza known as 'Mehboob Mere', she tried to make a niche for her career in the Indian film cinema.

2000s[link]

She received critical acclaim and box office success for film Aankhen. So far, her biggest hit has been the 2004 movie Main Hoon Na, in which she starred as Shahrukh Khan's love interest. The film grossed a total of Rs 330,000,000 and was the second best selling movie of that year.^[15] Later, Sushmita played a lawyer in Main Aisa Hi Hoon opposite Ajay Devgan. In 2005, she also starred in a remake of Cactus Flower, called Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?: Sen played the lead opposite Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif. Her most recent movies include Karma, Confessions and Holi (2006) opposite Naomi Campbell, Do Knot Disturb, Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag (2007) and Dulha Mil Gaya (2010).

Sushmita has signed three big projects, one of which has been reported that she will portray the slain Pakistan Peoples Party leader Benazir Bhutto in a film co-produced by Zaid Aziz and Henna Rai of the Karachi production company Vox Vision, and Leicester-based Sum Films. Tentatively titled Benazir Bhutto: The Movie, the film will be shot in locations in Pakistan, the US, Britain and Dubai, where Bhutto spent years as a student and later as a political leader in exile. When Sushmita was asked about this big opportunity, she excitedly said, “Yes, I am keen to play the role.”^[16]. The second being Farah Khan's untitled venture opposite Salman Khan, and the third one being veteran actress Rekhha's biopic titled Sitare under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment.^{[citation needed]}

Recently she starred in Do Knot Disturb with long-time screen partner Govinda. The film failed to do well.

2010s[link]

Sushmita plays the role of a successful supermodel called Shimmer in Dulha Mil Gaya.^[17]

Awards[link]

Filmfare Awards[link]

2000: Best Supporting Actress for Biwi No.1 (1999)

IIFA Awards[link]

2000 IIFA Best Supporting Actress Award for Biwi No.1

Star Screen Awards[link]

2001 Best Supporting Actress for Biwi No.1

Zee Cine Awards[link]

2000: Best Supporting Actress for Biwi No.1 (1999)

2003: Best Supporting Actress for Filhaal... (2002)

National honours[link]

2006: Rajiv Gandhi Award for her achievement in bollywood.

Filmography[link]

See also[link]

• List of firsts in India

References[link]

External links[link]

• Sushmita Sen at the Internet Movie Database

Awards and titles for Sushmita Sen Awards and achievements Preceded by Namrata Shirodkar Femina Miss India 1994 Succeeded by Manpreet Brar v t e Miss Universe titleholders (1980–1999) Shawn Weatherly (1980) Irene Sáez (1981) Karen Dianne Baldwin (1982) Lorraine Downes (1983) Yvonne Ryding (1984) Deborah Carthy-Deu (1985) Bárbara Palacios Teyde (1986) Cecilia Bolocco (1987) Porntip Nakhirunkanok (1988) Angela Visser (1989) Mona Grudt (1990) Lupita Jones (1991) Michelle McLean (1992) Dayanara Torres (1993) Sushmita Sen (1994) Chelsi Smith (1995) Alicia Machado (1996) Brook Mahealani Lee (1997) Wendy Fitzwilliam (1998) Mpule Kwelagobe (1999) Complete list (1952–1959) (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019) v t e Miss Universe Organization titleholders (1994) Miss Universe Sushmita Sen Miss USA Lu Parker Miss Teen USA Shauna Gambill Miss Universe Organization titleholders of 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 v t e Major international pageant titleholders (1994) Miss Universe Sushmita Sen Miss World Aishwarya Rai Miss International Christina Lekka Major international pageants titleholders of 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 v t e Miss India winners in the Grand Slam pageants Miss Universe Sushmita Sen (1994) · Lara Dutta (2000) Miss World Reita Faria (1966) · Aishwarya Rai (1994) · Diana Hayden (1997) · Yukta Mookhey (1999) · Priyanka Chopra (2000) Miss Asia Pacific Zeenat Aman (1970) · Tara Anne Fonseca (1973) · Dia Mirza (2000) Miss Earth Nicole Faria (2010) Miss International - Dominican Republic India Panamá Philippines Puerto Rico USA Venezuela v t e Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress 1955–1960 Usha Kiran (1955) Nirupa Roy (1956) Vyjayanthimala (1957) Shyama (1958) Nalini Jaywant (1959) Lalita Pawar (1960) 1961–1980 Nanda (1961) Nirupa Roy (1962) Shashikala (1963) Shashikala (1964) Nirupa Roy (1965) Padmini (1966) Simi Garewal (1967) Jamuna Ramanarao (1968) Simi Garewal (1969) Tanuja Samarth (1970) Chaand Usmani (1971) Farida Jalal (1972) Zeenat Aman (1973) Raakhee Gulzar (1974) Durga Khote (1975) Nadira (1976) Kajari (1977) Asha Sachdev (1978) Reena Roy (1979) Helen (1980) 1981–2000 Padmini Kolhapure (1981) Supriya Pathak (1982) Supriya Pathak (1983) Rohini Hattangadi (1984) Aruna Irani (1985) Nutan (1986) Not awarded (1987) Not awarded (1988) Sonu Walia (1989) Raakhee Gulzar (1990) Rohini Hattangadi (1991) Farida Jalal (1992) Aruna Irani (1993) Amrita Singh (1994) Dimple Kapadia (1995) Farida Jalal (1996) Rekha (1997) Karisma Kapoor (1998) Rani Mukerji (1999) Sushmita Sen (2000) 2001–present Jaya Bachchan (2001) Jaya Bachchan (2002) Madhuri Dixit (2003) Jaya Bachchan (2004) Rani Mukerji (2005) Ayesha Kapur (2006) Konkona Sen Sharma (2007) Konkona Sen Sharma (2008) Kangana Ranaut (2009) Kalki Koechlin (2010) Kareena Kapoor (2011) Rani Mukerji (2012) Complete list (1955–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–present)